Demokrasi atau Kleptokrasi
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Strong public reaction against the decision of granting pardon and remission to the number of criminals during the day declaration of independence showed a few things.
First, the general public increasingly exasperated and fed up with corruption so that the pardon and remission is seen as a softening of attitude of the Government in combating corruption. Second, the Government once again misread the public mood.
This decision has raised the level of public anger against the Government. Moreover, many things happen lately, like the bombing of LPG and rising prices of consumer goods, has added the troubled community. Community might begin to leave the passive apathy-nrimo (accept whatever they are). This clearly could lead to public frustration toward a more hard negative.
Third, the deterrent effects that are expected to arise through the provision of punishment to the criminals had been unsuccessful. In fact, shyness has been lost to corruption, seen from the increasingly large number of corruption cases. Our nation has changed.
Guilt on the conscience for a crime increasingly been eroded. All that completely false now as lawful, such as doctor's certificate of illness, the origins of wealth are completely absurd, consumerism and materialism that knows no social solidarity and hubris that menduniawi.
A former minister has told the New Order era, one of his friends who are also former ministers and has finished serving his sentence for corruption rather than undergo additional imprisonment shall pay a fine of several billion dollars. Obviously it changes people's perceptions of corruption. Now corruption is perceived as an activity that "quick profit" despite a high risk.
Though, as we believe the combination of stern action against corruption and the promotion of a sense of shame and guilt can reduce corruption. Now it is clear that we have failed to eradicate corruption. Corruption growing craze. The immune corruptor and is not afraid of threats of punishment. Shame and guilt is no longer a barrier.
Nation permissiveOne cause, we have increasingly become a nation that was "too forgiving", even to our enemies. We tend to pursue harmony, quiet life, and peace. Corruption has been recognized and declared as a crime extreme and the main enemy of the nation, but we do not and dare not expressly menindaknya. In fact impressed, the corrupter participate sabotage efforts against corruption this repression.
Forgiveness is recognized based on the high sense of our humanity because they saw prisoners deemed sick and unable to rise again. But, why not ignited pity we see the suffering of the poor, the destitute who duafa and underfed, malnourished, and unable to taste decent education? Absence of real solutions makes us once again immersed in the theatrical rhetoric, shouting loudly without any real action.
Later, someone suggested that we emulate Latvia and China are considered to successfully eliminate corruption. This is a mistake. In the list of Transparency International, Latvia was ranked 58th most corrupt country and even China's ranking rose from 57th (2001), to 72 (2008) and 79 (2009).
The study of corruption by Minxin Pei, director of the Carnegie Endowment, in 2007 revealed that corruption resulted in a loss of about 3 percent of GDP or about 86 billion dollars per year. However, the number of criminals being caught and sentenced to less than 3 percent, until the corruption is considered a high-return activities, but low risk.Hukuman die in China may be imposed on 68 types of crimes, including corruption and smuggling heroin. However, the Government filed a bill last week, among other things, contains provisions that the 13 types of crime and economic concerns which do not involve violence would be removed from the list of death penalty. Bill has been submitted to parliament and almost certainly received approval.
The death penalty in China with a shot to death or injected is a state secret, so it is unclear how many are already living it. There are allegations, reach thousands every year. Widespread corruption in China, especially since the 1980s when a market economy began to be applied.
One reason is because of widespread corruption of power held by the Communist Party of China. The absence of NGOs and free media caused no control or supervision of the society against corruption. According to the party newsletter, the number of officials involved in corruption in 2009 recorded 106 000, up 2.5 percent from 2008.
State kleptocracy
So, what should be done if the deterrent effects through cultural ditumbuhkannya shame and guilt no longer potent to suppress corruption in Indonesia? Especially if the government half-heartedly, plus more systematic effort in the opinion, including in Parliament, to undermine efforts to combat corruption.
In the late 1960s when Operation Bhakti for the eradication of corruption carried out, the question arises: who should diganyang first, big fish or small fish? Now the question is irrelevant. Corruption involving officials have small or big.
Efforts to reform the bureaucracy, including increasing the remuneration of civil servants, did not reduce the "lust" corrupt candidates. Sermon of the scholars also can not relieve the intention to corrupt. The lure of luxury lifestyle or at least the affluent more potent than the threat of punishment on earth and mortal world.
Later, there was the proposal to apply the legal systems of proof reversed for those who doubt the source of his wealth. We can emulate South Korea's social sanction: officials (and their families) who lived in style and undoubtedly missed the origin of his wealth may be ostracized community.
We often call ourselves as a nation great, generous smile, highly civilized, and respect for heroes. It was now the motto we must add one more: a great nation is a nation that can combat corruption, fraud and nepotism.
We also prides itself as the country's third largest democracy in the world. After 65 years of independence, instead truly becomes a democracy, we can be collapsed into kleptocracy country (the country ruled by thieves).
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